In many healthcare applications, often due to the cloistered nature of the use cases – e.g. it will only be accessed by users authorized in a particular facility, such as an operating room suite – the needs for Authentication and Authorization are minimized when the system is designed and implemented. This presents a risk as soon as you allow for the possibility of users with ill-intent or that otherwise want to operate outside their given roles.
Custom applications need to consider these possibilities and implement the
following measure to ensure the integrity of the system.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Implement MFA for all
user logins. This adds an extra layer of security beyond just a username and
password.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Grant users access only to
the data and functionalities they need for their specific role. This minimizes
the potential for unauthorized access.
Strong Password Policies: Enforce strong password creation
policies with minimum length, complexity requirements, and regular password
changes.
Regular User Reviews: Periodically review user access
privileges to ensure they remain appropriate and prevent unauthorized access
due to role changes or employee departures.
2. Secure Data Storage Practices:
Data Encryption at Rest: Encrypt all sensitive healthcare
data (PHI) stored on databases and servers. This renders the data unreadable in
case of a breach. And be sure to do sensible things with keys – make them
complex and use a key management or identity management system to aid in the
process.
Data Encryption in Transit: Encrypt data transmission
between the application and users' devices or other systems. This protects
sensitive information from interception during network traffic.
Data Minimization: Only collect and store the minimum amount
of data necessary for the application's functionality. This reduces the attack
surface and potential impact of a breach.
3. Patched Software:
Use every means at your disposal to ensure you use patched
software, updating quickly and regularly.
Patch Management System: Implement a system for timely
identification, acquisition, and deployment of patches for all software
components used in the application.
Vulnerability Scanning: Regularly conduct automated
vulnerability scans to identify potential weaknesses in the software and
prioritize patching accordingly.
Software Update Policy: Establish a clear policy for
software updates, outlining the process, approval procedures, and timelines for
implementing updates.
4. Encryption:
Implement Transport Layer Security (TLS) to encrypt
communication between the applications and users' devices. This ensures a
secure connection and protects data from eavesdropping.
Data Encryption at Rest and in Transit (as mentioned above):
Encrypting data at rest and in transit are crucial security measures to
safeguard sensitive healthcare information.
5. Additional Considerations:
Secure Coding Practices: Developers – internal and external
- follow secure coding practices to minimize vulnerabilities introduced during
the development process. Be sure to understand and enforce the strongest
security practices of 3rd party developers. Static code analysis
tools can help identify potential security flaws.
Penetration Testing: Regularly conducting penetration
testing simulates real-world attacks to identify and address exploitable
weaknesses in the application's security posture.
Security Awareness Training: Train staff involved in
developing, maintaining, and using the application on cybersecurity best
practices and potential threats.
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